Multi-Layer Graphene Oxide in Human Keratinocytes: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, and Gene Expression

Few-layer graphene oxide (GO) has shown no or very weak cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effects in a wide range of cell lines, such as glioma cells human skin HaCaT at concentrations up to 100 µg/mL. However, multi-layer GO hardly been explored the biomedical field, this study, other type was examined keratinocyte treated with different concentrations, ranging from 0.01 150 µg/mL, for periods time (3, 12, 24 h). The results revealed time–concentration dependence two non-cytotoxic (0.01 0.05 µg/mL) median effective concentration value 4.087 µg/mL h exposure. Contrary what previously reported few-layer GO, proliferation contact μg/mL showed identical proliferative activity an epidermal growth factor (1.6-fold greater than control group) after 96 h. on expression 13 genes (SOD1, CAT, MMP1, TGFB1, GPX1, FN1, HAS2, LAMB1, LUM, CDH1, COL4A1, FBN, VCAN) were analyzed lowest able upregulate CDH1 genes, which confirms GO’s great potential field.